间充质干细胞球形体培养的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2021.06.008

间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的细胞，在组织工程和再生医学应用中具有重要的影响力。然而，MSCs的临床应用面临许多挑战，如细胞体内移植后存活率低，以及传统的培养模式导致MSCs特征衰减等。球形体培养是一种典型的无支架三维细胞培养系统，利用了多种类型的细胞具有天然自我聚集的优势，能更好地模拟MSCs在体内生长的微环境。国内外学者在MSCs球形体培养方面进行了广泛探索，取得了较大进展。大量研究表明，球形体培养可维持MSCs的特征，提升MSCs在临床应用方面的治疗潜能，在临床医学领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文将对球形体培养MSCs的研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 球形体, 微环境, 干性, 治疗潜能

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications for their self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. However, there are many difficulties in the clinical application of MSCs, such as the low survival rate after in vivo transplantation, and the attenuation of MSCs characteristics in the traditional culture. Spheroid culture is a scaffold-free-mediated three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Multiple types of cells have the advantage of natural self aggregation tendency, which can provide a preferable physiological microenvironment for cells growth in vivo. Scholars have made related researches and progress. Studies have shown that spheroid culture can maintain properties of MSCs and explore its therapeutic potential in clinical applications. Therefore, spheroid culture is promising in medicine applications, and in this paper the progress of MSCs by spheroid culture will be reviewed.

Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells, Spheroid, Microenvironment, Stemness, Therapeutic potential

表1 细胞球形体的制备方式、原理及优缺点

方法	原理	优点	缺点
悬滴培养法	利用表面张力和重力	可调节球体大小	难以实现大规模培养
液体覆盖法	使用非黏性材料抑制细胞附着	适合长期培养	难以控制球体大小
水凝胶法	提供与ECM相似的微环境	维持MSCs干性	影响MSCs的完整性
磁性粒子法	利用磁力促进细胞黏附	加快成球速率	涉及安全性问题
动态培养	动力阻止细胞贴壁	大规模生产	需要特定装置

表1 细胞球形体的制备方式、原理及优缺点

方法	原理	优点	缺点
悬滴培养法	利用表面张力和重力	可调节球体大小	难以实现大规模培养
液体覆盖法	使用非黏性材料抑制细胞附着	适合长期培养	难以控制球体大小
水凝胶法	提供与ECM相似的微环境	维持MSCs干性	影响MSCs的完整性
磁性粒子法	利用磁力促进细胞黏附	加快成球速率	涉及安全性问题
动态培养	动力阻止细胞贴壁	大规模生产	需要特定装置

图1 间充质干细胞球形体形成过程

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