Abstract:

Three-dimensional (3D) culture is a contemporary cell culture technology that may imitate the microenvironment essential for cell growth in vivo, allowing cells to interact with neighboring cells and the microenvironment to exert their distinct biological roles. The selection of appropriate materials is critical in the culture of 3D-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) . Many materials, including natural, synthetic, and biological materials, are currently being used in cell proliferation and differentiationr research. Biological materials can boost the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs, whereas natural materials can better replicate the development environments of MSCs. Furthermore, the in vitro cultivation of 3D-MSCs includes scaffolds and no scaffolds. Scaffold culture is appropriate for large-scale cell culture and has the potential to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Under hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activities were elevated in 3D-MSCs, as was the expression of stemness-related genes. As a result, the hypoxic environment significantly impacts on cells, altering not just their metabolic features but also their physiological functions. This page discusses several materials for culturing 3D-MSCs, their benefits and drawbacks, culture methods, and the effects of culture conditions on cell proliferation and differentiation. At the same time, this paper discusses the use of 3D-MSCs in inflammatory bowel disease, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and myocardial infarction to provide directions for future research and clinical application and anticipating significant progress in the medical field.

Key words: Three-dimensional culture, Mesenchymal stem cells, Culture materials, Culture methods, Application progress