Research progress of stem cells in the treatment of heart diseases

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2020.05.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Heart tissue in patients with heart disease is diseased and has different degrees of impact on cardiac function. Adults have poor cardiomyocyte regeneration and therefore are unable to self-repair, nor can current heart disease treatments restore impaired cardiac function. After long-term observation and research, a variety of stem cells and exosomes have been proved to be effective in treating heart diseases. Various stem cells can differentiate into cardiac progenitor cells or cardiomyoid cells, and can also secrete bioactive factors to repair necrotic myocardial tissue and improve impaired cardiac function. Recently, improvements in stem cell transplantation strategies and treatment have improved therapeutic efficacy in heart disease. This paper compares the application of different stem cells in the treatment and introduces improved methods of stem cell transplantation.

Key words: Stem cells, Heart diseases, Cell differentiation, Exosomes

Haiyan Deng, Xin Liu, Zhuo Miao, Bo Ma. Research progress of stem cells in the treatment of heart diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Cell and Stem Cell(Electronic Edition), 2020, 10(05): 297-302.

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References 42

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干细胞移植策略	具体方法	治疗效果的提升	目前存在的问题	文献
基因修饰干细胞	使用腺病毒及腺相关病毒作为载体，将AKT、LEF1等基因引入干细胞中，然后进行移植	静脉注射AKT修饰干细胞源外泌体能促进内皮细胞增殖和血管形成。LEF1修饰的干细胞治疗减少了细胞凋亡，左室心功能有较大改善	病毒载体可能引起毒性反应和免疫反应，安全性低	[39,40]
对干细胞进行预处理	移植前，对干细胞进行药物前处理、细胞因子前处理和缺氧前处理培养	缺氧预处理的干细胞移植入缺血区后能抵抗缺血缺氧微环境的影响，减少细胞凋亡，增加血管新生	预处理对于干细胞的影响尚无明确定论	[33,41,42]
增强干细胞和外泌体的靶向性	将心脏归巢肽和血小板纳米囊泡等能够优先结合到心脏组织的物质，通过交联剂或者细胞融合的方法与细胞或外泌体进行连接或融合	提高了干细胞与外泌体的心脏靶向性，增加了心脏组织中细胞的保留率	心脏归巢肽与心肌相互作用的确切机制尚不清楚。血小板纳米囊泡作为靶向物质不具有通用性，不能应用于使用抗血小板药物的患者	[36,37,38]

干细胞移植策略	具体方法	治疗效果的提升	目前存在的问题	文献
基因修饰干细胞	使用腺病毒及腺相关病毒作为载体，将AKT、LEF1等基因引入干细胞中，然后进行移植	静脉注射AKT修饰干细胞源外泌体能促进内皮细胞增殖和血管形成。LEF1修饰的干细胞治疗减少了细胞凋亡，左室心功能有较大改善	病毒载体可能引起毒性反应和免疫反应，安全性低	[39,40]
对干细胞进行预处理	移植前，对干细胞进行药物前处理、细胞因子前处理和缺氧前处理培养	缺氧预处理的干细胞移植入缺血区后能抵抗缺血缺氧微环境的影响，减少细胞凋亡，增加血管新生	预处理对于干细胞的影响尚无明确定论	[33,41,42]
增强干细胞和外泌体的靶向性	将心脏归巢肽和血小板纳米囊泡等能够优先结合到心脏组织的物质，通过交联剂或者细胞融合的方法与细胞或外泌体进行连接或融合	提高了干细胞与外泌体的心脏靶向性，增加了心脏组织中细胞的保留率	心脏归巢肽与心肌相互作用的确切机制尚不清楚。血小板纳米囊泡作为靶向物质不具有通用性，不能应用于使用抗血小板药物的患者	[36,37,38]

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