Stem cells are a kind of cells with the ability of self-replication, self-renewal, as well as the potential of multi-directional differentiation, and can produce a variety of differentiated cell types. Stem cells technology has been widely used in cell transplantation because of their potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Hypoparathyroidism, as an endocrine disorder, can not be cured by available therapy strategies completely. The transplantation of parathyroid cells derived from stem cell for the treatment of hypothyroidism has attracted more and more attention. Until now, some papers reported that human embryonic stem cells, thymic epithelial cells and tonsil mesenchymal stem cells had been differentiated into parathyroid cells and showed potential prospects in treatment of hypoparathyroidism. This paper explains the differentiation of stem cells to parathyroid cells and summarizes the progress of applying stem cells-derived parathyroid cells in treatment of hypoparathyroidism.