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中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01) : 1 -11. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2025.01.001

论著

施旺细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进牙髓再生的机制研究
于倩1,(), 崔庆超1, 范一卉1, 姚瑶1   
  1. 1. 061000 沧州,河北省沧州中西医结合医院口腔科门诊
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 于倩
  • 基金资助:
    河北省卫生健康委员会医学科学研究课题 (20232144)

Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells promote pulp regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Qian Yu1,(), Qingchao Cui1, Yihui Fan1, Yao Yao1   

  1. 1. Department of Stomatology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, China
  • Received:2024-10-28 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Qian Yu
引用本文:

于倩, 崔庆超, 范一卉, 姚瑶. 施旺细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进牙髓再生的机制研究[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(01): 1-11.

Qian Yu, Qingchao Cui, Yihui Fan, Yao Yao. Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells promote pulp regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cell and Stem Cell(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(01): 1-11.

目的

探究施旺细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡 (SCs-EVs)对牙髓再生的影响及其可能机制。

方法

体外分离培养人牙髓干细胞 (hDPSCs),分别用SCs-EVs、SCs-EVs 联合Wnt/ β-catenin 信号通路抑制剂IWR-1 处理 (SCs-EVs 组、SCs-EVs+IWR-1 组),另设置空白对照组。CCK-8 法检测细胞增殖活性,平板克隆法检测细胞克隆形成能力,茜素红染色法检测细胞钙结节形成能力,油红O 染色法检测细胞中脂质形成能力,RT-qPCR 法检测细胞中自我更新标志基因 (Oct4、Nanog、Sox2)、成骨分化标志基因 (ALP、Runx2、COL-1)、成脂分化标志基因 (ADPN、FABP4、LPL)和成神经分化标志基因 (Gfap、Nestin、Tubb3)mRNA 表达水平,Western blot 法检测细胞中Runx2、ADPN、Nestin 及Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路蛋白表达水平,免疫荧光检测β-catenin 荧光强度。两组间比较采用独立样本t 检验或校正t 检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t 检验 (不同SCs-EVs 浓度组间;SCs-EVs 组与Control 组;SCs-EVs+IWR-1 组与SCs-EVs 组)。

结果

与空白对照相比,SCs-EVs 组细胞增殖活性增强 (P < 0.05),同时,克隆团数量 (909.17 ± 52.86 比415.38 ± 25.61)、钙结节形成能力 (0.79 ± 0.05 比0.24 ± 0.02)、脂质形成能力 (0.52 ± 0.03 比0.14 ± 0.01),Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、ALP、Runx2、COL-1、ADPN、FABP4、LPL、Gfap、Nestin 和Tubb3 mRNA 表达水平,Runx2 (1.05 ±0.16 比0.18 ± 0.05)、ADPN (0.91 ± 0.09 比0.14 ± 0.04)、Nestin (0.96 ± 0.13 比0.15 ± 0.03)和β-catenin (1.01 ± 0.12 比0.19 ± 0.03)蛋白表达水平及β-catenin 荧光强度 (4.27 ± 0.31 比1.07 ±0.12)均升高 (P 均 < 0.05)。与SCs-EVs 组比较,SCs-EVs+IWR-1 组细胞增殖活性减弱,同时,克隆团数量 (482.55 ± 29.32 比909.17 ± 52.86)、钙结节形成能力 (0.32 ± 0.03 比0.79 ± 0.05)、脂质形成能力 (0.20 ± 0.01 比0.52 ± 0.03),Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、ALP、Runx2、COL-1、ADPN、FABP4、LPL、Gfap、Nestin 和Tubb3 mRNA 表达水平,Runx2 (0.21 ± 0.05 比1.05 ± 0.16)、ADPN (0.37 ± 0.06 比0.91 ± 0.09)、Nestin (0.34 ± 0.09 比0.96 ± 0.13)和β-catenin (0.31 ± 0.05比1.01 ± 0.12)蛋白表达水平及β-catenin 荧光强度 (1.29 ± 0.15 比4.27 ± 0.31)均降低 (P 均 <0.05)。

结论

SCs- EVs 可促进牙髓再生,其机制可能是通过激活Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路促进hDPSCs 增殖、自我更新和多能性实现的。

Objective

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Schwann cells-derived extracellular vesicles (SCs-EVs) on pulp regeneration.

Methods

Human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro, and treated with SCs-EVs, SCs-EVs combined with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1 (SCs-EVs group, SCs-EVs+IWR-1 group), and a blank treatment group (Control group) was set up. The cell proliferative activity and cell clonogenesis ability were detected by CCK-8 method and plate cloning method respectively. The formation ability of calcium nodules was detected by alizarin red staining method. The lipid formation capacity in cells was detected by oil red O staining method. The mRNA expression levels of self-renewal marker genes (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2), osteogenic differentiation marker genes (ALP, Runx2, COL-1),lipogenic differentiation marker genes (ADPN, FABP4, LPL) and neurogenic differentiation marker genes (Gfap, Nestin, Tubb3) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression level of Runx2,ADPN, Nestin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteinswere detected by Western blot.The fluorescence intensity of β-catenin was detected by immunofluorescence. Independent sample t test or corrected t test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and LSD-t test was used for further pair-to-group comparison(between groups with different SCs-EVs concentrations; SCs-EVs group and Control group;SCs- EVs+IWR-1 group and SCs-EVs grou).

Results

Compared with the Control group, the cell proliferation activity in SCs-EVs group was enhanced (P < 0.05), together with an increasing of the number of clones (909.17 ± 52.86 vs 415.38 ± 25.61), calcium nodule formation ability (0.79 ±0.05 vs 0.24 ± 0.02), lipid formation ability (0.52 ± 0.03 vs 0.14 ± 0.01), Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, ALP,Runx2, COL-1, ADPN, FABP4, LPL, Gfap, Nestin, Tubb3 mRNA expression levels, Runx2 (1.05 ±0.16 vs 0.18 ± 0.05), ADPN (0.91 ± 0.09 vs 0.14 ± 0.04), Nestin (0.96 ± 0.13 vs 0.15 ± 0.03),β-catenin (1.01 ± 0.12 vs 0.19 ± 0.03) protein expression levels and β-catenin fluorescence intensity(4.27 ± 0.31 vs 1.07 ± 0.12) (all P<0.05). Compared with SCs-EVs group, cell proliferation activity in SCs-EVs+IWR-1 group was decreased (P<0.05), together with a decreasing of the number of clones (482.55 ± 29.32 vs 909.17 ± 52.86), calcium nodule formation ability (0.32 ± 0.03 vs 0.79 ±0.05), lipid formation ability (0.20 ± 0.01 vs 0.52 ± 0.03), Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, ALP, Runx2, COL- 1,ADPN, FABP4, LPL, Gfap, Nestin, Tubb3 mRNA expression levels, Runx2 (0.21 ± 0.05 vs 1.05 ±0.16), ADPN (0.37 ± 0.06 vs 0.91 ± 0.09), Nestin (0.34 ± 0.09 vs 0.96 ± 0.13), β-catenin (0.31 ±0.05 vs 1.01 ± 0.12) protein expression levels and and β-catenin fluorescence intensity (1.29 ± 0.15 vs 4.27 ± 0.31) (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

SCs-EVs promotes pulp regeneration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote the proliferation, self-renewal and pluripotency of hDPSCs.

表1 引物序列表
图1 光学显微镜下观察hDPSCs 的形态 (200 μm,100 μm)
图2 流式细胞术鉴定hDPSCs 表面标志物
图3 透射电子显微镜下SCs-EVs 的形态 (100 nm)
图4 Western blot 检测外泌体标志物蛋白表达
图5 SCs-EVs 促进hDPSCs 增殖、自我更新及Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路 注:a、b 图为平板克隆法检测克隆形成能力;c图为RT-qPCR 检测Oct4、Nanog、Sox2 mRNA 表达;d 图为Western blot 检测β-catenin 蛋白表达;e 图为免疫荧光检测β-catenin 荧光强度 (50 μm);*P < 0.05
表2 不同浓度SCs-EVs 处理后CCK-8 检测hDPSCsA450 值( x± sn = 3)
图6 光学显微镜下观察 细胞钙结节和脂质形成能力 注:a ~ c 图为细胞钙结节形成能力 (茜素红染色,200 μm);d ~ f 图为细胞中脂质形成能力 (油红O 染色,50 μm);*P < 0.05
图7 Western blot 检测基因蛋白表达 注:*P < 0.05
表3 不同处理后RT-qPCR 检测hDPSCs 中成骨分化、成脂分化和成神经分化标志基因mRNA 表达(x± sn = 3)
图8 IWR-1 逆转SCs-EVs 对hDPSCs 增殖、自我更新及Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路的促进作用 注:a 图为平板克隆法检测克隆形成能力;b 图为RT-qPCR 检测Oct4、Nanog、Sox2 mRNA 表达;c 图为Western blot 检测β-catenin 蛋白表达;d 图为免疫荧光检测β-catenin 荧光强度 (50 μm);*P < 0.05
表4 不同处理后CCK-8 检测hDPSCsA450 值( x± sn = 3)
图9 光学显微镜下观察细胞钙结节和脂质形成能力 注:a ~ d 图为检测细胞钙结节形成能力 (茜素红染色,200 μm);e ~ h 图为检测细胞中脂质形成能力 (油红O 染色,50 μm);*P < 0.05
图10 Western blot 检测基因蛋白表达 注:*P < 0.05
表5 不同处理后RT-qPCR 检测hDPSCs 中成骨分化、成脂分化和成神经分化标志基因mRNA 表达(x± sn = 3)
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