干细胞外泌体介导的肾脏保护：阻止纤维化进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2026.02.004

肾纤维化是一种多因素驱动的病理过程，涉及肾脏内的炎症反应、细胞增殖以及胶原蛋白和纤维连接蛋白的过度沉积，若不加干预，这一过程可进展为慢性肾脏病（CKD），最终可能导致终末期肾病。干细胞来源的外泌体是治疗肾纤维化的新兴研究策略，作为纳米级细胞外囊泡（EVs），外泌体携带生物活性分子，可被局部或远端细胞摄取，既能作为细胞间通讯介质，又可递送治疗性载荷（如microRNA、蛋白质等），在动物肾脏疾病模型中干细胞来源的外泌体已被证明能有效减轻炎症、抑制成纤维细胞活化、减少肾间质胶原蛋白产生，从而延缓纤维化进展。本文综述不同干细胞外泌体作为肾纤维化的治疗剂，介导抗纤维化作用的机制，并总结未来旨在增强干细胞外泌体治疗效果的转化研究方向与策略。

关键词: 外泌体, 肾纤维化, 无细胞治疗, 慢性肾脏病, 干细胞

Renal fibrosis is a multifactorial-driven pathological process involving intrarenal inflammation, cellular proliferation, and excessive deposition of collagen and fibronectin. Without intervention, this process can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Stem cell-derived exosomes represent an emerging therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis. Functioning as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes carry bioactive molecules that can be taken up by local or distal cells. They serve as mediators of intercellular communication while also delivering therapeutic payloads (e.g., microRNAs, proteins). In animal models of kidney disease, stem cell-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to effectively attenuate inflammation, suppress fibroblast activation, and reduce collagen production in the renal interstitium, thereby delaying fibrosis progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the antifibrotic effects of exosomes derived from various stem cell sources used as therapeutic agents for renal fibrosis. It also outlines future translational research directions and strategies aimed at enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell-derived exosomes.

Key words: Exosomes, Renal fibrosis, Cell-free therapy, Chronic kidney disease, Stem cells

图1 肾纤维化驱动机制注：EMT为上皮间质转化；ECM为细胞外基质；Col-Ⅰ为Ⅰ型胶原纤维；Col-Ⅲ为Ⅲ型胶原纤维；FN为纤维连接蛋白；TGF-β1为转化生长因子-β1；IL-10为白细胞介素10；TNF-α为肿瘤坏死因子-α

表1 基于动物模型的干细胞外泌体抗肾纤维化基础治疗研究

外泌体来源	实验模型	治疗性载荷	信号通路	给药剂量、频率、方式	主要发现	参考文献
BMSCs （鼠源）	雄性Fisher344大鼠，UUO，CKD	miR-294、miR-133	TGF-β/Smad、ERK1/2	200 μg/次，术前3天1次、术后1次，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，抑制EMT，保护肾结构	[24]
BMSCs （人源）	雌性C57BL/6小鼠，UUO，CKD	抗miR-Let-7i-5p	TSC1/mTOR	50 μg/次，2次/周、4周，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，抑制EMT，改善肾功能	[25]
BMSCs （鼠源）	C57BL/6小鼠（性别未指定），UUO-CKD、IRI-AKI	miR-34c-5p	未研究	静脉注射，剂量、频率未指定	减轻成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞的活化	[28]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，5/6SNx，CKD	未研究	Smurf2/Smad7	150 μg/次，1次/周、16周，静脉注射	增强si-Smurf 2作用，改善肾功能	[27]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	miR-181d	NF-κB	1×10⁶ particles/次，术后1次，静脉注射	减轻肾脏纤维化	[29]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性Balb/c小鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	未研究	30 μg/次，术后0、3、7、14、21 d各1次，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，减少炎症和纤维化	[26]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	CK1δ、β-TRCP	CK1δ/β-TRCP-YAP	200 μg/只，具体未指定	减轻ECM沉积和肾纤维化	[30]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	p38 MAPK/ERK	200 μg/次，术后1次，左肾动脉注射	减轻细胞凋亡，清除ROS	[31]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	Oct-4	未研究	未指定	减少细胞凋亡，改善肾功能，减少纤维化	[33]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	miR-29a-3p	未研究	50 μg/次，术前1 d和术后0、3、6、9 d各1次，静脉注射	促进血管生成，减轻肾纤维化	[34]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，PBOO，CKD	未研究	Wnt/β-catenin	50 ~ 100 μg/次，术后7 d 1次，静脉注射	抑制了PBOO诱导的肾脏损伤和细胞增殖	[32]
ADSC （鼠源）	雄性C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠，DN，CKD	miR-486	Smad1/mTOR	静脉注射12周，剂量、频率未指定	促进自噬并减少足细胞凋亡，减轻DN症状	[38]
ADSC （人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，CLP，AKI	未研究	SIRT1	100 μg/次，术后1次，静脉注射	减轻AKI炎症、凋亡和微循环障碍	[39]
ESCs （鼠源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	100 μg/次，术后1次，肾皮质注射	促进肾脏结构恢复、血管生成，保护肾功能	[40]
iPSCs （人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	SIRT6/β-catenin	1×10¹¹ particles/次，术后1次，静脉注射	抑制炎症反应，改善肾功能，减轻纤维化	[41]
UDSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，STZ-DN，CKD	miR-16-5p	未研究	100 μg/次，1次/周、12周，静脉注射	减轻足细胞凋亡，抑制纤维化	[42]
LSCs （人源）	雄性BALB-c小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	1×10 particles/次，术后0、3天各1次，静脉注射	改善炎症和肾功能，减轻EMT	[43]
hP-MSCs	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	100 μg/次，术后0、1、2、7、14 d各1次，静脉注射	修复线粒体，抑制氧化应激和肾纤维化	[44]

表1 基于动物模型的干细胞外泌体抗肾纤维化基础治疗研究

外泌体来源	实验模型	治疗性载荷	信号通路	给药剂量、频率、方式	主要发现	参考文献
BMSCs （鼠源）	雄性Fisher344大鼠，UUO，CKD	miR-294、miR-133	TGF-β/Smad、ERK1/2	200 μg/次，术前3天1次、术后1次，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，抑制EMT，保护肾结构	[24]
BMSCs （人源）	雌性C57BL/6小鼠，UUO，CKD	抗miR-Let-7i-5p	TSC1/mTOR	50 μg/次，2次/周、4周，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，抑制EMT，改善肾功能	[25]
BMSCs （鼠源）	C57BL/6小鼠（性别未指定），UUO-CKD、IRI-AKI	miR-34c-5p	未研究	静脉注射，剂量、频率未指定	减轻成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞的活化	[28]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，5/6SNx，CKD	未研究	Smurf2/Smad7	150 μg/次，1次/周、16周，静脉注射	增强si-Smurf 2作用，改善肾功能	[27]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	miR-181d	NF-κB	1×10⁶ particles/次，术后1次，静脉注射	减轻肾脏纤维化	[29]
BMSCs （人源）	雄性Balb/c小鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	未研究	30 μg/次，术后0、3、7、14、21 d各1次，静脉注射	减轻ECM沉积，减少炎症和纤维化	[26]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	CK1δ、β-TRCP	CK1δ/β-TRCP-YAP	200 μg/只，具体未指定	减轻ECM沉积和肾纤维化	[30]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性SD大鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	p38 MAPK/ERK	200 μg/次，术后1次，左肾动脉注射	减轻细胞凋亡，清除ROS	[31]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	Oct-4	未研究	未指定	减少细胞凋亡，改善肾功能，减少纤维化	[33]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	miR-29a-3p	未研究	50 μg/次，术前1 d和术后0、3、6、9 d各1次，静脉注射	促进血管生成，减轻肾纤维化	[34]
UC-MSCs（人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，PBOO，CKD	未研究	Wnt/β-catenin	50 ~ 100 μg/次，术后7 d 1次，静脉注射	抑制了PBOO诱导的肾脏损伤和细胞增殖	[32]
ADSC （鼠源）	雄性C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠，DN，CKD	miR-486	Smad1/mTOR	静脉注射12周，剂量、频率未指定	促进自噬并减少足细胞凋亡，减轻DN症状	[38]
ADSC （人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，CLP，AKI	未研究	SIRT1	100 μg/次，术后1次，静脉注射	减轻AKI炎症、凋亡和微循环障碍	[39]
ESCs （鼠源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	100 μg/次，术后1次，肾皮质注射	促进肾脏结构恢复、血管生成，保护肾功能	[40]
iPSCs （人源）	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，UUO，CKD	未研究	SIRT6/β-catenin	1×10¹¹ particles/次，术后1次，静脉注射	抑制炎症反应，改善肾功能，减轻纤维化	[41]
UDSCs （人源）	雄性SD大鼠，STZ-DN，CKD	miR-16-5p	未研究	100 μg/次，1次/周、12周，静脉注射	减轻足细胞凋亡，抑制纤维化	[42]
LSCs （人源）	雄性BALB-c小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	1×10 particles/次，术后0、3天各1次，静脉注射	改善炎症和肾功能，减轻EMT	[43]
hP-MSCs	雄性C57BL/6小鼠，IRI，AKI	未研究	未研究	100 μg/次，术后0、1、2、7、14 d各1次，静脉注射	修复线粒体，抑制氧化应激和肾纤维化	[44]

1	Lameire NH, Levin A, Kellum JA, et al. Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference[J]. Kidney Int, 2021, 100(3):516-526.
2	Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1):129.
3	Klyachko NL, Arzt CJ, Li SM, et al. Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics: preclinical and clinical investigations[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12(12):1171.
4	Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes[J]. Science, 2020, 367(6478):eaau6977.
5	Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, et al. Extracellular vesicles: mechanisms in human health and disease[J]. Antioxid Redox Signal, 2019, 30(6):813-856.
6	Pegtel DM, Gould SJ. Exosomes[J]. Annu Rev Biochem, 2019, 88:487-514.
7	Zhang Y, Lan M, Chen Y. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (misev): ten-year evolution (2014-2023)[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2024, 16(11):1394.
8	Teng F, Fussenegger M. Shedding light on extracellular vesicle biogenesis and bioengineering[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 8(1): 2003505.
9	Vizoso FJ, Eiro N, Cid S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome: toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18(9):1852.
10	Wen SW, Lima LG, Lobb RJ, et al. Breast cancer-derived exosomes reflect the cell-of-origin phenotype[J]. Proteomics, 2019, 19(8): e1800180.
11	Yin S, Zhou S, Ren D, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hk-2 cells[J]. Tissue Eng Part A, 2022, 28(13-14):651-659.
12	Luo Y, Zhang K, Wu J, et al. Periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cell alleviates renal fibrosis through mTOR-mediated Treg differentiation[J]. Ren Fail, 2023, 45(1):2212079.
13	Shen D, He Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate the polarization and inflammatory response of macrophages via miR-21-5p to promote repair after myocardial reperfusion injury[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(16):1323.
14	Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, et al. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review[J]. Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):136.
15	Liu C, Li Q, Ma JX, et al. Exosome-mediated renal protection: Halting the progression of fibrosis[J]. Genes Dis, 2023, 11(6):101117.
16	Wang W, Wang X, Zhang XS, et al. Cryptotanshinone attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation through the regulation of nrf-2 and nf-κb in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2018, 123(6):714-720.
17	Liu Y, Su YY, Yang Q, et al. Stem cells in the treatment of renal fibrosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of renal fibrosis pathogenesis[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2021, 12(1):333.
18	Zhang Z, Tang CM, Yu WZ, et al. Podocyte proteomics revealed hUCMSC-exosomes ameliorate diabetic kidney disease through inhibiting Talin-1 Mediated EMT[J]. J Proteome Res, 2025, 24(9): 4767-4779.
19	Mu YF, Mao ZH, Pan SK, et al. Macrophage-driven inflammation in acute kidney injury: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges[J]. Transl Res, 2025, 278:1-9.
20	Li Y, Hu C, Zhai P, et al. Fibroblastic reticular cell-derived exosomes are a promising therapeutic approach for septic acute kidney injury[J]. Kidney Int, 2024, 105(3):508-523.
21	Shao B, Wang HD, Ren SH, et al. Exosomes derived from a mesenchymal-like endometrial regenerative cells ameliorate renal ischemia reperfusion injury through delivery of CD73[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2025, 16(1):148.
22	Wang Y, Lu D, Lv S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate diabetic kidney disease through NOD2 signaling pathway[J]. Ren Fail, 2024, 46(2):2381597.
23	Kong D, Yang Z, Zhang X, et al. Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury is alleviated by BMSCs-derived exosome via mmu-miR-874-3p-mediated activation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Regen Ther, 2025, 30:719-729.
24	Wang Y, Guo YF, Fu GP, et al. Protective effect of miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells of old rats on renal function in chronic kidney disease[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1):274.
25	Jin J, Qian F, Zheng D, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate renal fibrosis via exosomes-mediated delivery of microrna let-7i-5p antagomir[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:3565-3578.
26	Lu Y, Yang L, Chen X, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve renal fibrosis by reducing the polarisation of M1 and M2 macrophages through the activation of EP2 receptors[J]. IET Nanobiotechnol, 2022, 16(1):14-24.
27	Liu Y, Guo W, Guo Y, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve renal fibrosis via regulating Smurf 2/Smad 7[J]. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2022, 27(1):17.
28	Hu X, Shen N, Liu A, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-34c-5p ameliorates RIF by inhibiting the core fucosylation of multiple proteins[J]. Mol Ther, 2022, 30(2):763-781.
29	Wang SJ, Qiu ZZ, Chen FW, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-181d protect rats against renal fibrosis by inhibiting KLF6 and the NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(6):535.
30	Ji C, Zhang J, Zhu Y, et al. Exosomes derived from hucMSC attenuate renal fibrosis through CK1δ/β-TRCP-mediated YAP degradation[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(5):327.
31	Liu B, Hu D, Zhou Y, et al. Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against renal interstitial fibrosis through ROS-mediated P38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2020, 12(9):4998-5014.
32	Wang Z, Yu Y, Jin L, et al. HucMSC exosomes attenuate partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced renal injury and cell proliferation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2023, 952:175523.
33	Zhang ZY, Hou YP, Zou XY, et al. Oct-4 enhanced the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury[J]. Kidney Blood Press Res, 2020, 45(1):95-108.
34	Huang J, Shi L, Yang Y, et al. Mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes and miR-29a-3p mitigate renal fibrosis and vascular rarefaction after renal ischemia reperfusion injury[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2025, 16(1):135.
35	Xiang E, Han B, Zhang Q, et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of early diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1):336.
36	Qiu Z, Zhong Z, Zhang Y, et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-335-5p attenuates the inflammation and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing ADAM19 protein levels[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2022, 13(1):373.
37	Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate kidney inflammation[J]. Kidney Int, 2017, 92(1):114-124.
38	Jin J, Shi Y, Gong J, et al. Exosome secreted from adipose-derived stem cells attenuates diabetic nephropathy by promoting autophagy flux and inhibiting apoptosis in podocyte[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019, 10(1):95.
39	Gao F, Zuo B, Wang Y, et al. Protective function of exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury through SIRT1 pathway[J]. Life Sci, 2020, 255:117719.
40	Yu L, Liu S, Wang C, et al. Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote the recovery of kidney injury[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2021, 12(1):379.
41	Liu L, Wu Y, Wang P, et al. Psc-msc-derived exosomes protect against kidney fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through the sirt6/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Int J Stem Cells, 2021, 14(3):310-319.
42	Duan YR, Chen BP, Chen F, et al. Exosomal microRNA-16-5p from human urine-derived stem cells ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through protection of podocyte[J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 25(23): 10798-10813.
43	Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Cedrino M, et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from human liver stem cells attenuate chronic kidney disease development in an in vivo experimental model of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(3):1485.
44	Gao Z, Zhang C, Peng F, et al. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injure by restoring CPT1A mediated fatty acid oxidation[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2022, 13(1):191.
45	Bruno S, Grange C, Deregibus MC, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles protect against acute tubular injury[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2009, 20(5):1053-1067.
46	Hsu RK, Hsu CY. The role of acute kidney injury in chronic kidney disease[J]. Semin Nephrol, 2016, 36(4):283-292.
47	Gregersen E, Kresse JC, Atay JCL, et al. Comparative study of systemic and local delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of chronic kidney disease[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2024, 12: 1456416.
48	Lazo S, Noren Hooten N, Green J, et al. Mitochondrial DNA in extracellular vesicles declines with age[J]. Aging Cell, 2021, 20(1): e13283.
49	Ditte Z, Silbern I, Ditte P, et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from the choroid plexus trigger the differentiation of neural stem cells[J]. J Extracell Vesicles, 2022, 11(11):e12276.
50	Kordelas L, Rebmann V, Ludwig AK, et al. MSC-derived exosomes: a novel tool to treat therapy-refractory graft-versus-host disease[J]. Leukemia, 2014, 28(4):970-973.
51	Nassar W, El-Ansary M, Sabry D, et al. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles can safely ameliorate the progression of chronic kidney diseases[J]. Biomater Res, 2016, 20:21.
52	Gimona M, Brizzi MF, Choo ABH, et al. Critical considerations for the development of potency tests for therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles[J]. Cytotherapy, 2021, 23(5):373-380.
53	Nordin JZ, Bostancioglu RB, Corso G, et al. Tangential flow filtration with or without subsequent bind-elute size exclusion chromatography for purification of extracellular vesicles[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2019, 1953:287-299.
54	Xu S, Cheuk YC, Jia Y, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21a-5p alleviates renal fibrosis by attenuating glycolysis by targeting PFKM[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(10):876.
55	Lee M, Kim SH, Jhee JH, et al. Microparticles derived from human erythropoietin mRNA-transfected mesenchymal stem cells inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1):422.
56	Alvarez-Erviti L, Seow Y, Yin H, et al. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2011, 29:341-345.
57	Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhao M, et al. Injectable extracellular vesicle-released self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel as an enhanced cell-free therapy for tissue regeneration[J]. J Control Release, 2019, 316:93-104.
58	Wang H, Wang B, Zhang A, et al. Exosome-mediated mir-29 transfer reduces muscle atrophy and kidney fibrosis in mice[J]. Mol Ther, 2019, 27(3):571-583.
59	Casajuana Ester M, Day RM. Production and utility of extracellular vesicles with 3D culture methods[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(2):663.
60	Yang Y, Lee EH, Yang Z. Hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration application[J]. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2022, 28(5):966-977.
61	Zhang C, Cai L, Ma M, et al. Hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes enhance the therapeutic effects on unilateral ureteral obstruction mice[J]. Pharmacology, 2025, 110(3): 165-177.
62	Gorgun C, Ceresa D, Lesage R, et al. Dissecting the effects of preconditioning with inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia on the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs)[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 269:120633.
63	Gu H, Li J, Ni Y. Sinomenine improves renal fibrosis by regulating mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and affecting autophagy levels[J]. Environ Toxicol, 2023, 38(10):2524-2537.

[1]	成锋, 张扬, 童培建. 间充质干细胞外泌体在骨关节炎的应用与前景[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 60-68.
[2]	何琪, 周月惠, 薛宇轩, 吉宇通, 王海彬, 周驰. 卫虚-血瘀-髓痿理论治疗激素性股骨头坏死的价值[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 87-96.
[3]	王许杰, 李艳, 吴高峰, 官浩. 趋化因子CXC配体12预处理骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的影响及其潜在机制[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(02): 119-126.
[4]	潘子杭, 杨丽华, 孙轶群, 丁美军, 薛珂. 表皮干细胞来源外泌体在创面修复中应用的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(01): 58-62.
[5]	陈静, 曲东, 刘霜. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征细胞治疗机制及临床应用研究进展[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 327-334.
[6]	王承伟, 李娟娟, 胡文杰, 陈致帆, 许尹. 人类21三体（47,XX/XY,+21）诱导多能干细胞的制备[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 23-30.
[7]	武文, 周振宇. 造血干细胞衰老的分子机制与干预策略[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 39-44.
[8]	黄立政, 王玉倩, 姜金兰, 韩方雷. 间充质干细胞改善术后认知功能障碍的作用机制与研究进展[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 45-51.
[9]	徐倩, 魏凤香. 干细胞：开启精神疾病治疗的新曙光[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 52-55.
[10]	汤红明. 《生物医学新技术临床研究和临床转化应用管理条例》的深度思考：机遇、挑战及实施路径[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 56-62.
[11]	吴刚, 严燃星, 严鑫, 阎婧, 何跃明, 朱倩. 基于血清和组织外泌体多组学分析筛选胰腺癌诊断和预后标志物[J/OL]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2025, 14(06): 962-972.
[12]	陆雅斐, 皇甫少华, 杨旭, 朱勇, 周春根, 郑正, 马传学, 王大伟, 陈澳, 林宏城, 廖联明, 江滨. 脐带间充质干细胞治疗克罗恩病肛瘘的长期疗效和安全性临床观察[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(01): 72-84.
[13]	何智尧, 陈佳, 陈客宏. APOL1相关肾病：从遗传机制到靶向治疗的新进展[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2026, 15(01): 34-38.
[14]	侯芳红, 贺修宝. 超声介导的雷公藤甲素外泌体靶向给药系统抗结直肠癌的应用评估[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 13-20.
[15]	王兆彤, 王美琴, 陈磊, 王莹莹, 吴军, 苑小历. 重复性经颅磁刺激与外泌体：抑郁症治疗研究的新视角[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(11): 866-870.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

Stem cell-derived exosome-mediated renal protection: halting fibrosis progression

模态框（Modal）标题

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

Stem cell-derived exosome-mediated renal protection: halting fibrosis progression