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中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 148 -156. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2025.03.003

论著

人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体抑制肝星状细胞活化发挥抗肝纤维化作用的实验研究
李雪铭1, 伊诺2, 卢智豪1, 冯婧1, 董健藤1, 李健1,()   
  1. 1. 102000 北京中医药大学中医学院组织胚胎学教研室
    2. 100095 北京老年医院妇科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 李健
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目 (82374181)

The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes by inhibiting hepatic stellate cells activation

Xueming Li1, Nuo Yi2, Zhihao Lu1, Jing Feng1, Jianteng Dong1, Jian Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Gynecology Department of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
  • Received:2024-12-16 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Jian Li
引用本文:

李雪铭, 伊诺, 卢智豪, 冯婧, 董健藤, 李健. 人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体抑制肝星状细胞活化发挥抗肝纤维化作用的实验研究[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(03): 148-156.

Xueming Li, Nuo Yi, Zhihao Lu, Jing Feng, Jianteng Dong, Jian Li. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes by inhibiting hepatic stellate cells activation[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cell and Stem Cell(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(03): 148-156.

目的

探讨人脐带间充质干细胞外泌体 (hucMSC-Exo)在体内、外抑制肝星状细胞 (HSCs)活化及改善肝纤维化的效应。

方法

外泌体提取和纯化采用高速离心法,用透射电镜、纳米颗粒跟踪分析仪、Western blot 法对外泌体进行表征。在体实验选用雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为实验对象,分为4 组:正常对照组、模型组、hucMSC-Exo 干预组和秋水仙碱干预组,每组10 只。肝纤维化小鼠模型制备采用CCl4-橄榄油(1 : 3)混合液灌胃法,2 次/周,共8 周。治疗组于4 周 末在造模基础上实施外泌体尾静脉注射 (300 μg/100 g 体质量)和秋水仙碱灌胃(0.01 mg/100 g 体质量)干预。8 周末取材,生化分析法检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST),酶联免疫法检测Ⅳ型胶原 (Collagen-Ⅳ)、层粘连蛋白 (LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原 (PC-Ⅲ)及透明质酸 (HAase)水平,HE 和Masson 法检测肝组织病理变化,免疫组化法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α-SMA)和I 型胶原 (Collagen-Ⅰ)表达。离体实验选用人肝星形细胞系LX-2 细胞为实验对象,分3 组:空白对照组、转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)诱导组和TGF-β1 诱导+ hucMSC-Exo 干预组,采用免疫荧光法检测各组细胞α-SMA 的表达,Western blot检测各组细胞内α-SMA 和Collagen-Ⅰ蛋白水平。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t 检验。

结果

小鼠血清生化分析结果表明,与正常对照组比较,模型组ALT、AST、Collagen-Ⅳ、LN 和HAase 水平均升高 (P 均< 0.01)。与模型组比较,hucMSC-Exo 干预 组ALT[(3.17 ± 0.70)比 (6.34 ± 0.37) U/L],AST [(2.91 ± 0.60)比 (7.11 ± 0.41)U/L],Collagen-Ⅳ [(116.38 ± 4.96)比 (143.79 ± 6.71) μg/L],LN [(762.96 ± 120.45)比(950.86 ±29.77) μg/L],PC-Ⅲ[(14.88 ± 0.83)比 (18.39 ± 2.57) μg/L],HAase [(109.92 ± 11.32)比(187.58 ± 10.42) ng/L]均降低,差异具有统计学意义 (P 均< 0.01)。肝组织免疫组化结果显示:与正常对照组比较,模型组α-SMA 和Collagen-Ⅰ表达水平均增高 (P 均 < 0.01)。与模型组比较,hucMSC-Exo 干预组肝组织中α-SMA (337.05 ± 39.13 比2 681.83 ± 312.63)及Collagen-Ⅰ(479.32 ± 86.25 比1 022.57 ± 102.13)表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义 (P 均 < 0.01);LX-2细胞裂解液Western blot 检测结果提示:与模型组比较,hucMSC-Exo 干预组α-SMA 蛋白 (0.87 ±0.09 比1.01 ± 0.34)及Collagen-Ⅰ (0.46 ± 0.07 比0.75 ± 0.22)蛋白表达均下降,差异具有统计学意义 (P 均 < 0.05)。

结论

早期移植hucMSC-Exo 能抑制CCl4 诱导小鼠肝纤维化病理进程,其初步作用机制与hucMSC-Exo 抑制肝星状细胞的活化和胶原蛋白的合成、分泌相关。

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Exo) in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and improving liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

The exosomes were isolated and purified by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), nanoparticle size analysis, and Western blot. For in vivo experiments, 40 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: normal control group, model group, exosome treatment group,and colchicine treatment group (n = 10). The hepatic fibrosis model was built by intragastric administration of CCl4-olive oil (1 : 3), 2 times/week for 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of modeling,intervention treatments were carried out: exosomes were proceeded by intravenous injection administration (300μg/100g body weight), and colchicine was given by intragastric administration(0.01mg/100g body weight). At the end of 8 weeks, levels of ALT, AST, IV-C, LN, PC-III, and HAase in serum were measured using biochemical assays and ELISA methods. Liver histopathological changes were assessed with H&E and Masson staining, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen-Ⅰ expression in liver tissue were detected using immunohistochemistry. For in vitro experiments, the human HSC cell line LX-2 was treated with TGF-β1 and hucMSC- Exo, and named blank control, TGF-β1 induction group, TGF-β1 induction+hucMSC-Exo group. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of α-SMA, and Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of α-SMA and Collagen-Ⅰ proteins. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.

Results

Compared to the normal control group, the levels of ALT, AST, Collagen-Ⅳ, LN,PC-Ⅲ, and HAase were increased (all P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the levels of ALT[(3.17 ± 0.70) vs ( 6.34 ± 0.37) U/ L], AST [(2.91 ± 0.60) vs (7.11 ± 0.41)U/ L], Collagen-Ⅳ[(116.38 ± 4.96)vs (143.79 ± 6.71) μg/ L], LN [(762.96 ± 120.45) vs (950.86 ± 29.77) μg/ L],PC- Ⅲ[(14.88 ± 0.83)vs (18.39 ± 2.57) μg/ L]and HAase [(109.92 ± 11.32)vs (187.58 ±10.42) ng/L] were decreased significantly in the hucMSC-Exo treatment group (all P < 0.01).Immunohistochemical results of liver tissues showed that the level of the expression of α-SMA and Collagen-Ⅰ was increased (all P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the expression of α-SMA( 337.05 ± 39.13 vs 2 681.83 ± 312.63), and Collagen-Ⅰ expression (479.32 ± 86.25 vs 1 022.57 ±102.13)were decreased in liver tissues in hucMSC-Exo intervention group (all P < 0.01). The Western blot data of LX-2 cell lysate indicated that hucMSC- Exo inhibited the expression of α-SMA and Collagen-Ⅰ in LX-2 cells compared to the model group [(0.87 ± 0.09 vs 1.01 ± 0.34) and(0.46 ± 0.07 vs 0.75 ± 0.22)](all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Early stage transplantation of hucMSCExo ameliorates hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats, which may be induced by suppressing HSCs activation and the synthesis and secretion of collagen.

图1 hucMSC-Exo 干预CCl4 诱导的肝纤维化实验流程
图2 脐带间充质干细胞表征结果 注:a 图为倒置显微镜观察体外培养活体状态人脐带间充质干细胞形态特征,标尺为150 μm;b ~ g 图为流式细胞术检测CD73、CD90、CD105 及CD34、CD45、HLA- DR 的表达水平
图3 人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体表征结果 注:a 图为透射电镜观察人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体 (杯托样结构)代表性照片,标尺400 nm;b 图为粒径检测 (平均142 nm)代表性结果;c 图为Western blot 检测膜标志蛋白CD9 和CD81 蛋白表达 (1、2、3 为三个批次纯化样品)
表1 小鼠血清生化检测结果(± sn = 6)
图4 Masson 染色图像分析结果 (×200) 注:*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;n = 7
图5 光学显微镜下观察小鼠肝组织病理变化 (×200) 注:a ~ d 图为 肝组织石蜡切片HE 染色,标尺为100 μm;e ~ h 图为肝组织石蜡切片Masson 染色,标尺为100 μm
图6 光学显微镜下观察小鼠肝组织石蜡切片α-SMA 免疫组化、DAB 显色结果 (×200)。**P < 0.01,n = 6,标尺为100 μm
图7 光学显微镜下观察小鼠肝组织石蜡切片Collagen-Ⅰ免疫组化、DAB 显色结果 (×200)。**P < 0.01,n = 6,标尺为100 μm
图8 荧光显微镜下观察LX-2 细胞α-SMA 表达 (×200) 注:标尺为5 μm
图9 hucMSC-Exo 体外抑制LX-2 细胞活化的检测结果 注:**P < 0.01,n = 3
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