肿瘤转移的分子机制及靶向干预研究新进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2022.01.009

肿瘤转移是一个多阶段的恶性进展过程，涉及肿瘤细胞从原发部位逃逸，侵入脉管系统并在其中存活，随循环系统到达远处靶器官并穿出脉管系统播散定植，最终克隆性生长形成转移瘤。转移过程的每一阶段与肿瘤细胞本身遗传和表观遗传改变以及微环境中诸多因素的综合调控密切相关。本综述概要介绍了恶性肿瘤转移多步骤过程中所涉的分子调控机制以及肿瘤转移靶向干预新措施等方面的研究进展；同时，就未来肿瘤转移研究相关的新技术和新方向作一简单的展望。

关键词: 肿瘤转移, 分子机制, 靶向干预, 上皮-间质转化, 肿瘤微环境

Metastasis is a multistage malignant process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, invade into and survive in the circulation, arrive at and seed in distant target organs, colonize ultimately and grow into metastases. Each stage of metastatic process is involved in genetic as well as epigenetic changes of tumor cells themselves and subjected to comprehensive regulation by interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple stages of tumor metastasis and its targeted intervention. We also discuss a brief prospect of novel experimental technique and future directions of research in tumor metastasis.

Key words: Tumor metastasis, Molecular mechanism, Targeted intervention, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Tumor microenvironment

图1 恶性肿瘤转移各阶段调控模式注：TGFβ为转化生长因子β；RTK为受体酪氨酸激酶；HIF1α为缺氧诱导因子-1α；BMP4为骨形态发生蛋白4；MMPs为基质金属蛋白酶；EMT为上皮-间质转化；EMT-TFs为EMT-诱导转录因子；CTCs为循环肿瘤细胞

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Advances in molecular mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis and its targeted intervention

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Advances in molecular mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis and its targeted intervention