Stem cells possess unique capabilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and homing, which could regenerate and repair damaged tissues, regulate immune function, and maintain tissue microenvironment homeostasis, confering distinct advantages in the treatment of various refractory diseases and providing new ideas and potential strategies for the management of age-related disorders. This article reviews Phase Ⅰ-Ⅲ clinical trials related to stem cells and their derivatives published between 2023 and 2025 via Pubmed databases, with a particular focus on collecting and summarizing 34 age-related studies, that are systemically organized and analysed across five core dimensions: indication types, stem cell types, routes of administration, safety, and efficacy. The findings indicate that stem cell therapy holds broad promise; but still faces numerous challenges, including incomplete elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of action, an insufficient number of Phase Ⅲ clinical trials, the urgent need to improve standardization and normalization within the industry, and the necessity for continued long-term monitoring of efficacy and safety.