探讨脑出血后神经损伤修复的关键基因、核心细胞亚群及细胞通讯机制。

从GEO数据库下载大鼠脑出血转录组数据集GSE288102、小鼠脑出血小胶质细胞转录组数据集GSE266602及小鼠脑出血脑组织单细胞RNA测序数据集GSE167593。采用limma包筛选差异表达基因（DEGs），取两组转录组交集获得共同DEGs；通过DAVID进行GO/KEGG富集分析，STRING构建蛋白互作网络，Cytoscape筛选核心基因；利用Seurat完成单细胞质控、降维、聚类与细胞注释；采用CellChat解析细胞间通讯通路。

共筛选出96个共同DEGs；GO富集主要集中于免疫细胞活化、白细胞活化及损伤修复相关过程，KEGG富集于ECM受体通路与PI3K-Akt信号通路。筛选出LGALS3、ITGB2、TLR2、TIMP1、FN1、CD44、ICAM1、CCL2、TGFB1、ITGAM共10个关键基因。单细胞RNA分析鉴定出神经元、少突胶质细胞、少突胶质前体细胞、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞5类核心细胞群；关键基因在各细胞群呈特异性表达：神经元中LGALS3下调、TGFB1上调；星形胶质细胞中TGFB1、CCL2、ICAM1等上调；小胶质细胞中FN1、TGFB1上调。细胞通讯显示，SPP1- （ITGA5+ITGB1）与SPP1- （ITGAV+ ITGB1）是脑出血后神经修复的核心信号通路。

本研究明确了脑出血后神经损伤修复10个关键基因、5类关键细胞群及2条核心细胞通讯通路，为脑出血后神经修复机制研究与潜在靶点筛选提供了可靠依据。

To explore the key genes, core cell subsets, and cell communication mechanisms underlying neural injury repair after intracerebral hemorrhage.

The rat intracerebral hemorrhage transcriptome dataset GSE288102, mouse intracerebral hemorrhage microglia transcriptome dataset GSE266602, and mouse intracerebral hemorrhage brain tissue single-cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE167593 were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the intersection of DEGs from the two transcriptome datasets was obtained to identify common DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the STRING database. Key genes were screened using Cytoscape. Quality control, dimensionality reduction, clustering, and cell annotation of single-cell data were completed with the Seurat package, and intercellular communication pathways were analyzed using CellChat.

A total of 96 common DEGs were identified. GO terms was mainly enriched in immune cell activation, leukocyte activation, and injury repair-related processes, while KEGG enrichment was found in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Ten hub genes were screened, including LGALS3, ITGB2, TLR2, TIMP1, FN1, CD44, ICAM1, CCL2, TGFB1, and ITGAM. Single-cell RNA analysis identified five core cell populations: neurons, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, microglia, and astrocytes. The hub genes showed specific expression in each cell subset: LGALS3 was downregulated and TGFB1 was upregulated in neurons; TGFB1, CCL2, and ICAM1 were significantly upregulated in astrocytes; and FN1 and TGFB1 were upregulated in microglia. Cell communication analysis revealed that SPP1- (ITGA5+ITGB1) and SPP1- (ITGAV+ITGB1) were the core signaling pathways for neural repair after intracerebral hemorrhage.

This study identified 10 core genes, 5 key cell populations, and 2 core cell communication pathways involved in neural injury repair after intracerebral hemorrhage, providing a reliable basis for investigating the mechanisms of neural repair and screening potential therapeutic targets for intracerebral hemorrhage.