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中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03) : 183 -188. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-1221.2023.03.009

综述

胃Lgr5+干细胞、Mist1+干细胞和Cck2r+干细胞癌变的分子机制
刘先勇()   
  1. 211100 南京医科大学附属江宁医院中西医结合科
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-11 出版日期:2023-06-01
  • 通信作者: 刘先勇
  • 基金资助:
    南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目计划(YKK22225)

Molecular mechanisms of gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, Mist1+ stem cells and Cck2r+ stem cells in carcinogenesis

Xianyong Liu()   

  1. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
  • Received:2023-05-11 Published:2023-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Xianyong Liu
引用本文:

刘先勇. 胃Lgr5+干细胞、Mist1+干细胞和Cck2r+干细胞癌变的分子机制[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(03): 183-188.

Xianyong Liu. Molecular mechanisms of gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, Mist1+ stem cells and Cck2r+ stem cells in carcinogenesis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Cell and Stem Cell(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(03): 183-188.

胃干细胞(GSCs)在肠型胃癌(IGC)发生中发挥重要作用。GSCs主要包括富含亮氨酸重复序列的G蛋白偶联受体-5+干细胞(Lgr5+SCs),肌肉、小肠和胃表达因子1 (Mist1)+ SCs和胃窦胆囊收缩素2型受体(Cck2r)+SCs等。本文综述这三种GSCs癌变的分子机制,发现经典的Wnt信号通路(cWnt)-Notch动态平衡失调驱动IGC的发生。cWnt-磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/Akt)或cWnt-Ras信号通路被激活和Notch信号通路被抑制是这几个胃干细胞癌变的普遍特点;激活Notch/胶质瘤相关癌基因同源物(Gli)2/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)下调cWnt是癌变的另外一种机制,深入研究这两种癌变分子机制或能为IGC治疗提供新思路。

Gastric stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in developing the intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) . GSCs mainly include leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5+ stem cells (Lgr5+SCs) , muscle, intestine and stomach expression 1 (Mist1) + SCs, and antral cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (Cck2r) + stem cells, etc. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis of the three types of gastric stem cells. It is found that the canonical wnt signal pathway (cWnt) -Notch dynamic imbalance drives the occurrence of intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) . The activation of the cWnt-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) or cWnt-Ras signaling pathway and the inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway are common characteristics of gastric stem cell carcinogenesis in these cells; Activating Notch/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) 2/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and downregulating cWnt is another mechanism of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, more researche on these two molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis may provide new ideas for IGC treatment.

图1 肠腺体过渡放大细胞(TAC)区发生的主要分子机制注:淡玫瑰红区域代表肠Lgr5+SCs中Notch-cWnt动态平衡特点,在Ras/Mapk/pErk1/2作用下,肠Lgr5+SCs转换为成浅蓝TAC区域肠祖细胞,Notch/cWnt信号转导随之下调,pErk1/2表达上调
图2 胃Lgr5+SCs癌变的分子机制注:浅蓝-白色字母区域代表胃Lgr5+SCs中Notch/Gli2/mTORC1被异常激活,图上方白色字母区域表示mTORC1通过激活Mek1/Erk1/2、Bmp/Smad1,抑制Smad4表达,加之下调cWnt (淡玫瑰红区域)导致胃Lgr5+SCs癌变;红色字母区域代表Pten和Smad4双突变导致cWnt-Notch动态平衡失调,cWnt-PI3K/Akt信号通路被激活和Notch信号通路被抑制导致胃Lgr5+SCs癌变;-代表蛋白表达被抑制
图3 胃Mist1+SCs癌变的分子机制注:淡玫瑰红区域代表胃Mist1+SCs中Notch-cWnt动态平衡特点,在K-ras/Mapk/Erk1/2作用下,胃Mist1+SCs中Notch/cWnt/Bmp/Smad信号转导均下调,但pErk1/2高表达。深红区域代表APC缺失,cWnt被激活;激活K-ras协同Apc缺失导致cWnt-Ras信号通路被激活和Notch信号通路被抑制,驱动胃Mist1+SCs癌变(浅蓝区域);-代表蛋白表达被抑制
图4 胃Cck2r+SCs癌变的分子机制注:淡玫瑰红区域代表胃Cck2r+SCs中Notch-cWnt动态平衡特点,在Gas/Cck2r信号通路作用下,Notch/cWnt/Bmp/Smad信号转导均下调,但pErk1/2高表达。深红区域代表APC缺失,胃Mist1+SCs中高核β-catenin协同Numb共同上调p53表达,导致cWnt进一步激活被抑制和pErk1/2表达被下调;p53突变,cWnt-Ras信号通路被激活驱动胃Cck2r+SCs癌变(浅蓝区域);-代表蛋白表达被抑制,+代表蛋白表达
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